import math import random import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk, messagebox class Molecule: __slots__ = ('x', 'y', 'vx', 'vy', 'radius', 'item') def __init__(self, x, y, vx, vy, radius, item): self.x = x self.y = y self.vx = vx self.vy = vy self.radius = radius self.item = item class GasApp(tk.Tk): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.title("Молекулы идеального газа") self.geometry("900x700") self.molecules = [] self.running = False self.paused = False self.after_id = None self.diameter = 5 self.radius = self.diameter / 2 self._create_widgets() self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self._on_close) def _create_widgets(self): control_frame = ttk.Frame(self, padding=5) control_frame.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X) ttk.Label(control_frame, text="Количество:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5)) self.count_var = tk.IntVar(value=100) count_spin = ttk.Spinbox(control_frame, from_=1, to=500, textvariable=self.count_var, width=8) count_spin.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 15)) ttk.Label(control_frame, text="Скорость:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5)) self.speed_var = tk.DoubleVar(value=3.0) speed_spin = ttk.Spinbox(control_frame, from_=0.5, to=50.0, increment=0.5, textvariable=self.speed_var, width=8) speed_spin.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 15)) self.start_button = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="Запустить", command=self.start_simulation) self.start_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) self.pause_button = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="Пауза", command=self.toggle_pause, state=tk.DISABLED) self.pause_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) self.clear_button = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="Очистить", command=self.clear_simulation) self.clear_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, bg='white', bd=2, relief=tk.SUNKEN) self.canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) def start_simulation(self): if self.running: self.stop_animation() self.clear_canvas() try: count = int(self.count_var.get()) speed = float(self.speed_var.get()) except (ValueError, tk.TclError): messagebox.showerror("Ошибка", "Введите корректные числовые значения.") return if count < 1 or count > 500: messagebox.showerror("Ошибка", "Количество должно быть от 1 до 500.") return if speed <= 0: messagebox.showerror("Ошибка", "Скорость должна быть положительной.") return self.canvas.update_idletasks() width = self.canvas.winfo_width() height = self.canvas.winfo_height() if width < 20 or height < 20: width, height = 800, 600 self._create_molecules(count, speed, width, height) self.running = True self.paused = False self.pause_button.config(text="Пауза", state=tk.NORMAL) self.start_button.config(text="Перезапустить") if self.after_id is None: self.after_id = self.after(16, self._animate) def _create_molecules(self, count, speed, width, height): self.clear_canvas() self.molecules = [] cols = max(1, int(math.ceil(math.sqrt(count * width / height)))) rows = max(1, int(math.ceil(count / cols))) cell_w = width / cols cell_h = height / rows spacing = self.diameter + 2 placed = 0 for r in range(rows): for c in range(cols): if placed >= count: break cx = c * cell_w + cell_w / 2 cy = r * cell_h + cell_h / 2 offset_x = random.uniform(-min(cell_w, spacing) / 4, min(cell_w, spacing) / 4) offset_y = random.uniform(-min(cell_h, spacing) / 4, min(cell_h, spacing) / 4) x = max(self.radius, min(width - self.radius, cx + offset_x)) y = max(self.radius, min(height - self.radius, cy + offset_y)) angle = random.uniform(0, 2 * math.pi) vx = speed * math.cos(angle) vy = speed * math.sin(angle) item = self.canvas.create_oval(x - self.radius, y - self.radius, x + self.radius, y + self.radius, fill='blue', outline='') self.molecules.append(Molecule(x, y, vx, vy, self.radius, item)) placed += 1 if placed >= count: break def toggle_pause(self): if not self.running: return self.paused = not self.paused self.pause_button.config(text="Продолжить" if self.paused else "Пауза") def clear_simulation(self): self.stop_animation() self.clear_canvas() self.molecules = [] self.start_button.config(text="Запустить") self.pause_button.config(text="Пауза", state=tk.DISABLED) def stop_animation(self): self.running = False self.paused = False def clear_canvas(self): self.canvas.delete("all") def _animate(self): if self.running and not self.paused: self._update_simulation() self.after_id = self.after(16, self._animate) def _update_simulation(self): width = self.canvas.winfo_width() height = self.canvas.winfo_height() if width < 20 or height < 20: return for mol in self.molecules: mol.x += mol.vx mol.y += mol.vy if mol.x - mol.radius < 0: mol.x = mol.radius mol.vx = -mol.vx elif mol.x + mol.radius > width: mol.x = width - mol.radius mol.vx = -mol.vx if mol.y - mol.radius < 0: mol.y = mol.radius mol.vy = -mol.vy elif mol.y + mol.radius > height: mol.y = height - mol.radius mol.vy = -mol.vy n = len(self.molecules) for i in range(n): mi = self.molecules[i] for j in range(i + 1, n): mj = self.molecules[j] dx = mi.x - mj.x dy = mi.y - mj.y dist_sq = dx * dx + dy * dy min_dist = mi.radius + mj.radius if dist_sq < min_dist * min_dist: if dist_sq < 1e-12: angle = random.uniform(0, 2 * math.pi) dx = math.cos(angle) * min_dist dy = math.sin(angle) * min_dist dist_sq = dx * dx + dy * dy dist = math.sqrt(dist_sq) nx = dx / dist ny = dy / dist dvx = mi.vx - mj.vx dvy = mi.vy - mj.vy dvn = dvx * nx + dvy * ny if dvn > 0: mi.vx -= dvn * nx mi.vy -= dvn * ny mj.vx += dvn * nx mj.vy += dvn * ny overlap = min_dist - dist mi.x += nx * overlap / 2 mi.y += ny * overlap / 2 mj.x -= nx * overlap / 2 mj.y -= ny * overlap / 2 if mi.x - mi.radius < 0: mi.x = mi.radius mi.vx = abs(mi.vx) elif mi.x + mi.radius > width: mi.x = width - mi.radius mi.vx = -abs(mi.vx) if mi.y - mi.radius < 0: mi.y = mi.radius mi.vy = abs(mi.vy) elif mi.y + mi.radius > height: mi.y = height - mi.radius mi.vy = -abs(mi.vy) if mj.x - mj.radius < 0: mj.x = mj.radius mj.vx = abs(mj.vx) elif mj.x + mj.radius > width: mj.x = width - mj.radius mj.vx = -abs(mj.vx) if mj.y - mj.radius < 0: mj.y = mj.radius mj.vy = abs(mj.vy) elif mj.y + mj.radius > height: mj.y = height - mj.radius mj.vy = -abs(mj.vy) for mol in self.molecules: self.canvas.coords(mol.item, mol.x - mol.radius, mol.y - mol.radius, mol.x + mol.radius, mol.y + mol.radius) def _on_close(self): self.stop_animation() if self.after_id is not None: self.after_cancel(self.after_id) self.destroy() if __name__ == "__main__": app = GasApp() app.mainloop()