import math import random import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk, messagebox class Molecule: __slots__ = ('x', 'y', 'z', 'vx', 'vy', 'vz', 'radius', 'item', 'highlight_item') def __init__(self, x, y, z, vx, vy, vz, radius, item, highlight_item): self.x = x self.y = y self.z = z self.vx = vx self.vy = vy self.vz = vz self.radius = radius self.item = item self.highlight_item = highlight_item class GasApp(tk.Tk): COLORS = [ ("Красный", "#FF0000"), ("Оранжевый", "#FFA500"), ("Жёлтый", "#FFFF00"), ("Зелёный", "#008000"), ("Голубой", "#00BFFF"), ("Синий", "#0000FF"), ("Фиолетовый", "#8B00FF") ] DEPTH = 200 FOCAL = 200 HIGHLIGHT_OFFSET_RATIO = 0.3 HIGHLIGHT_RADIUS_X_RATIO = 0.35 HIGHLIGHT_RADIUS_Y_RATIO = 0.25 def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.title("Молекулы идеального газа") self.geometry("900x700") self.molecules = [] self.running = False self.paused = False self.after_id = None self._create_widgets() self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self._on_close) def _create_widgets(self): control_frame = ttk.Frame(self, padding=5) control_frame.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X) ttk.Label(control_frame, text="Количество:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5)) self.count_var = tk.IntVar(value=100) count_spin = ttk.Spinbox(control_frame, from_=1, to=500, textvariable=self.count_var, width=8) count_spin.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 15)) ttk.Label(control_frame, text="Скорость:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5)) self.speed_var = tk.DoubleVar(value=3.0) speed_spin = ttk.Spinbox(control_frame, from_=0.5, to=50.0, increment=0.5, textvariable=self.speed_var, width=8) speed_spin.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 15)) ttk.Label(control_frame, text="Диаметр:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5)) self.diameter_var = tk.IntVar(value=5) diameter_spin = ttk.Spinbox(control_frame, from_=2, to=50, textvariable=self.diameter_var, width=8) diameter_spin.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 15)) self.start_button = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="Запустить", command=self.start_simulation) self.start_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) self.pause_button = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="Пауза", command=self.toggle_pause, state=tk.DISABLED) self.pause_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) self.clear_button = ttk.Button(control_frame, text="Очистить", command=self.clear_simulation) self.clear_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, bg='white', bd=2, relief=tk.SUNKEN) self.canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) def start_simulation(self): if self.running: self.stop_animation() self.clear_canvas() try: count = int(self.count_var.get()) speed = float(self.speed_var.get()) diameter = int(self.diameter_var.get()) except (ValueError, tk.TclError): messagebox.showerror("Ошибка", "Введите корректные числовые значения.") return if count < 1 or count > 500: messagebox.showerror("Ошибка", "Количество должно быть от 1 до 500.") return if speed <= 0: messagebox.showerror("Ошибка", "Скорость должна быть положительной.") return if diameter < 2 or diameter > 50: messagebox.showerror("Ошибка", "Диаметр должен быть от 2 до 50 пикселей.") return self.canvas.update_idletasks() width = self.canvas.winfo_width() height = self.canvas.winfo_height() if width < 20 or height < 20: width, height = 800, 600 self._create_molecules(count, speed, width, height, diameter) self.running = True self.paused = False self.pause_button.config(text="Пауза", state=tk.NORMAL) self.start_button.config(text="Перезапустить") if self.after_id is None: self.after_id = self.after(16, self._animate) def _create_molecules(self, count, speed, width, height, diameter): self.clear_canvas() self.molecules = [] radius = diameter / 2 cols = max(1, int(math.ceil(math.sqrt(count * width / height)))) rows = max(1, int(math.ceil(count / cols))) cell_w = width / cols cell_h = height / rows spacing = diameter + 2 placed = 0 for r in range(rows): for c in range(cols): if placed >= count: break cx = c * cell_w + cell_w / 2 cy = r * cell_h + cell_h / 2 offset_x = random.uniform(-min(cell_w, spacing) / 4, min(cell_w, spacing) / 4) offset_y = random.uniform(-min(cell_h, spacing) / 4, min(cell_h, spacing) / 4) x = max(radius, min(width - radius, cx + offset_x)) y = max(radius, min(height - radius, cy + offset_y)) z = random.uniform(0, self.DEPTH) dx, dy, dz = self._random_direction() vx = speed * dx vy = speed * dy vz = speed * dz color = random.choice(self.COLORS)[1] scale = self.FOCAL / (self.FOCAL + z) screen_x = width / 2 + (x - width / 2) * scale screen_y = height / 2 + (y - height / 2) * scale screen_radius = radius * scale item = self.canvas.create_oval(screen_x - screen_radius, screen_y - screen_radius, screen_x + screen_radius, screen_y + screen_radius, fill=color, outline='') hx = screen_x - screen_radius * self.HIGHLIGHT_OFFSET_RATIO hy = screen_y - screen_radius * self.HIGHLIGHT_OFFSET_RATIO hrx = screen_radius * self.HIGHLIGHT_RADIUS_X_RATIO hry = screen_radius * self.HIGHLIGHT_RADIUS_Y_RATIO highlight_item = self.canvas.create_oval(hx - hrx, hy - hry, hx + hrx, hy + hry, fill='white', outline='') self.molecules.append(Molecule(x, y, z, vx, vy, vz, radius, item, highlight_item)) placed += 1 if placed >= count: break def _random_direction(self): z = random.uniform(-1, 1) phi = random.uniform(0, 2 * math.pi) r = math.sqrt(1 - z * z) return r * math.cos(phi), r * math.sin(phi), z def toggle_pause(self): if not self.running: return self.paused = not self.paused self.pause_button.config(text="Продолжить" if self.paused else "Пауза") def clear_simulation(self): self.stop_animation() self.clear_canvas() self.molecules = [] self.start_button.config(text="Запустить") self.pause_button.config(text="Пауза", state=tk.DISABLED) def stop_animation(self): self.running = False self.paused = False def clear_canvas(self): self.canvas.delete("all") def _animate(self): if self.running and not self.paused: self._update_simulation() self.after_id = self.after(16, self._animate) def _update_simulation(self): width = self.canvas.winfo_width() height = self.canvas.winfo_height() if width < 20 or height < 20: return depth = self.DEPTH for mol in self.molecules: mol.x += mol.vx mol.y += mol.vy mol.z += mol.vz if mol.x - mol.radius < 0: mol.x = mol.radius mol.vx = -mol.vx elif mol.x + mol.radius > width: mol.x = width - mol.radius mol.vx = -mol.vx if mol.y - mol.radius < 0: mol.y = mol.radius mol.vy = -mol.vy elif mol.y + mol.radius > height: mol.y = height - mol.radius mol.vy = -mol.vy if mol.z - mol.radius < 0: mol.z = mol.radius mol.vz = -mol.vz elif mol.z + mol.radius > depth: mol.z = depth - mol.radius mol.vz = -mol.vz n = len(self.molecules) for i in range(n): mi = self.molecules[i] for j in range(i + 1, n): mj = self.molecules[j] dx = mi.x - mj.x dy = mi.y - mj.y dz = mi.z - mj.z dist_sq = dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz min_dist = mi.radius + mj.radius if dist_sq < min_dist * min_dist: if dist_sq < 1e-12: dx, dy, dz = self._random_direction() dist = min_dist dist_sq = dist * dist else: dist = math.sqrt(dist_sq) nx = dx / dist ny = dy / dist nz = dz / dist dvx = mi.vx - mj.vx dvy = mi.vy - mj.vy dvz = mi.vz - mj.vz dvn = dvx * nx + dvy * ny + dvz * nz if dvn > 0: mi.vx -= dvn * nx mi.vy -= dvn * ny mi.vz -= dvn * nz mj.vx += dvn * nx mj.vy += dvn * ny mj.vz += dvn * nz overlap = min_dist - dist mi.x += nx * overlap / 2 mi.y += ny * overlap / 2 mi.z += nz * overlap / 2 mj.x -= nx * overlap / 2 mj.y -= ny * overlap / 2 mj.z -= nz * overlap / 2 for mol in self.molecules: if mol.x - mol.radius < 0: mol.x = mol.radius mol.vx = abs(mol.vx) elif mol.x + mol.radius > width: mol.x = width - mol.radius mol.vx = -abs(mol.vx) if mol.y - mol.radius < 0: mol.y = mol.radius mol.vy = abs(mol.vy) elif mol.y + mol.radius > height: mol.y = height - mol.radius mol.vy = -abs(mol.vy) if mol.z - mol.radius < 0: mol.z = mol.radius mol.vz = abs(mol.vz) elif mol.z + mol.radius > depth: mol.z = depth - mol.radius mol.vz = -abs(mol.vz) for mol in self.molecules: scale = self.FOCAL / (self.FOCAL + mol.z) screen_x = width / 2 + (mol.x - width / 2) * scale screen_y = height / 2 + (mol.y - height / 2) * scale screen_radius = mol.radius * scale self.canvas.coords(mol.item, screen_x - screen_radius, screen_y - screen_radius, screen_x + screen_radius, screen_y + screen_radius) hx = screen_x - screen_radius * self.HIGHLIGHT_OFFSET_RATIO hy = screen_y - screen_radius * self.HIGHLIGHT_OFFSET_RATIO hrx = screen_radius * self.HIGHLIGHT_RADIUS_X_RATIO hry = screen_radius * self.HIGHLIGHT_RADIUS_Y_RATIO self.canvas.coords(mol.highlight_item, hx - hrx, hy - hry, hx + hrx, hy + hry) def _on_close(self): self.stop_animation() if self.after_id is not None: self.after_cancel(self.after_id) self.destroy() if __name__ == "__main__": app = GasApp() app.mainloop()